OSha anorayiridza vashandi vekugadzirisa kuvhara, tag, uye kudzora zvine ngozi simba. Vamwe vanhu havazivi kutora nhanho iyi, muchina wese wakasiyana. Getty Mifananidzo
Pakati pevanhu vanoshandisa chero mhando yemidziyo yeindasitiri, Lockout / Tagout (Loto) hapana chinhu chitsva. Kunze kwekunge simba rikabviswa, hapana munhu anoshatisa kuita chero nzira yekuchengetedza maitiro kana kuedza kugadzirisa muchina kana system. Izvi zvinongova chinhu chinodiwa chenguva yakajairika uye yekuchengetedza basa uye hutano hutongi (OSHA).
Usati waita mabasa ekugadzirisa kana kugadziriswa, zviri nyore kubvisa muchina kubva kune simba remagetsi-kazhinji nekudzima mudunhu redunhu-uye kukiya musuwo wekutambudza wedunhu. Kuwedzera chinyorwa chinoratidza kuti ndege dzekugadzirisa nemazita zvakare iri nyore nyaya.
Kana simba risingakwanisi kukiya, chete chinyorwa chinogona kushandiswa. Chero zvazviri, kungave ne kana kana pasina kukiya, iyo ralube inoratidza kuti kuchengetedza kuri kufambira mberi uye chishandiso hachina kupihwa.
Nekudaro, uku hakusi kuguma kweiyo lottery. Chinangwa chakazara hachisi chekungobvisa simba remagetsi. Chinangwa ndechekudya kana kusunungura zvese zvine njodzi simba-kushandisa mazwi aOsha, kudzora simba rine ngozi.
Yakajairika mibairo inoratidza njodzi mbiri dzenguva pfupi dzenguva pfupi. Mushure mekunge kuwonekwa kwabviswa, iyo banga remvura richaramba richimhanya kwemasekondi mashoma, uye achangomira kana mwaka wechikadzi akachengetwa mumota waneta. Iyo banga icharamba ichipisa kwemaminitsi mashoma kusvika kupisa kwekupisa.
Kungoda SAWS STOP SEMICKICAL ENERS uye REMABA Simba, iro basa rekumhanya mashandiro emasitiri (magetsi, uye pneumatic yekuisa simba kweiyo hydraulic kana pneumatic system, kana kugona wedunhu, simba rinogona kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba kwazvo.
Mishinari yakasiyana-siyana yeindasitiri inoda kudya simba rakawanda. Simbi yakajairika aisi 1010 inogona kutsungirira mauto anosvika zviuru zvina makumi mana emadhora, Kana dunhu iro rinopamoyo Hydraulic Pump system rakavharwa uye rakabviswa, iyo hydraulic chikamu chehurongwa hungachiri kukwanisa kupa 45,000 PSI. Pamachina anoshandisa molds kana maburi, izvi zvakaringana kupwanya kana kuongorora makumbo.
Iyo yakavharwa bhendi rori ine bhakiti mumhepo inongova nengozi seyakagadziriswa bhora rori rori. Vhura vharuvhu risiri iro uye simba rinotora richatora. Saizvozvo, iyo pneumatic system inogona kuchengeta simba rakawanda kana radzimwa. Iyo yepakati-yakakura pombi bender inogona kutora kusvika ku150 maAmperes yeazvino. Zvakaderera se0.040 amps, moyo unogona kumira kurova.
Kusunungura zvakachengeteka kana kushungurudza simba idanho rinokosha mushure mekudzima simba uye loto. Kuburitswa kwakachengeteka kana kunwa simba kwesimba zvine ngozi kunoda nzwisiso yeiyo nzwisiso yehurongwa uye ruzivo rwemuchina runoda kuchengetwa kana kugadziriswa.
Kune marudzi maviri eHydraulic Systems: Akavhurika loop uye yakavharwa loop. Mune nharaunda nharaunda dzekuindishandira, mhando dzepombi dzinowanzoitika mitezo, vanori, uye pistoni. Iyo cylinder yeyamhanyisa chishandiso inogona kuve imwechete-kuita kana kuita kaviri-kuita. Hydraulic masisitimu inogona kuve neyakaitwa nevatatu vhezheni-kutungamira kudzora, kuyerera kudzora, uye kumanikidza kudzora-yega yeiyi mhando ine mhando dzakawanda. Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvekuteerera, saka zvinodikanwa kunyatsonzwisisa chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinobvisa njodzi dzesimba-dzine simba.
Jay Robinson, muridzi uye mutungamiri weRBSA indasitiri, akati: "Vharuvhu resimba rinovhura vharuvhu." Kana iyo system iri kumhanya, iyo hydraulic fluid inoyerera kumidziyo kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye kune tangi pakumanikidzwa kwakaderera, "akadaro. . "Kana iyo system inoburitsa zviuru zviviri PSI uye Simba radzimwa, iyo solenoid ichaenda kunzvimbo yepakati uye kuvhara zvese zvirongwa. Oiri haigoni kuyerera uye muchina unomira, asi hurongwa hunogona kusvika ku1 PSI pamativi ese vevhu. "
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, nyanzvi dzinoedza kuita retence yekugadzirisa kana kugadziriswa zviri panjodzi yakananga.
"Mamwe makambani ane zviitiko zvakanyatsozivikanwa," akadaro Robinson. "Vazhinji vavo vakataura kuti nyanzvi yekudzvinyirira inofanirwa kubvisa simba, ukiya, makai, uye wobva wadzvanya bhatani rekutanga kuti utange muchina." Mune ino nyika, muchina uyu ungasaita chero chinhu - hazviremi basa rekushandira, richikwira, kucheka, kuumba, kusunungura basa rekushandira kana chero chinhu chipi zvacho - hazvigone. Iyo hydraulic vharuvhu inotungamirwa neye solenoid vharuvhu, iyo inoda magetsi. Kudzvanya bhatani rekutanga kana kushandisa iyo yekudzora pane yekudzora kune chero chikamu cheiyo hydraulic system haizomutsi iyo isingabatsiri solenoid vharuvhu.
Chechipiri, kana nyanzvi yacho ichinzwisisa kuti inofanirwa kushandisa magetsi kuti ibudise kumanikidzwa kweHydraulic, anogona kusunungura kudzvinyirirwa kune rimwe divi rehurongwa uye funga kuti akasunungura simba rese. Muchokwadi, zvimwe zvikamu zvehurongwa zvinogona kuramba zvichikanganisa zvinomanikidzwa kusvika ku1000 PSI. Kana kudzvinyirira uku kuchionekwa pane zvekupedza kwehurongwa, mafambi achashamisika kana vakaramba vachiita mabasa ekugadzirisa uye vangatokuvara.
Hydraulic oiri haina kumanikidza zvakanyanya-chete inenge 0.5% pane chiuru psi-asi mune ino kesi, hazvina basa.
"Kana nyangwe nyanzvi ikaburitsa simba pane iyo Actorator side, hurongwa huchiita kuti chishandiso mumuroora mumugodhi," Robinson akati. "Zvinoenderana nehurongwa, sitiroko inogona kunge iri 1/16 inch kana 16 tsoka."
"Iyo hydraulic system ndeye simba rinowedzera, saka hurongwa hunoburitsa chiuru PSI zvinogona kusimudza mitoro inorema, yakadai se3,000 mapaundi," Robinson akati. Mune ino kesi, njodzi haisi yekutanga tsaona kutanga. Njodzi ndeyekusunungura kudzvinyirira uye netsaona kuderedza mutoro. Kuwana nzira yekudzikisa mutoro usati waita nehurongwa kunganzwika sezvakanyanya, asi zvinyorwa zverufu zvinoratidza kuti pfungwa yakajairika haigone kukunda mumamiriro ezvinhu aya. MuOsha Accient 142877.015, "Mushandi ari kutsiva ... svina hydrautic hose pane inofambisa magiya uye kudzima mutsara hydraulic uye kuburitsa fungidziro. Iyo boom yakadonha nekukurumidza uye rova mushandi, ichipwanya musoro wake, torso nemaoko. Mushandi akaurayiwa. "
Pamusoro pematangi emafuta, mapombi, mavharuvhu nevatambi, mamwe maturusi eHydraulic anewo muAccumulator. Sezvo zita rinoratidza, rinounganidza mafuta eydraulic. Basa rayo ndere kugadzirisa kudzvinyirira kana vhoriyamu yehurongwa.
"Accumulator ine zvinhu zviviri zvikuru: bhegi remhepo mukati meTangi," Robinson akadaro. "Iyo airbag inozadzwa ne nitrogen. Munguva yekuvhiya kwakajairika, hydraulic oiri inopinda uye inobuda tangi sezvo kudzvanywa kwesangano kunowedzera uye kuderera. " Kunyangwe masuru anopinda kana anosiya tangi, kana kuti inochinjika, zvinoenderana nesiyaneti yekumanikidza pakati pehurongwa uye iyo airbag.
"Mhando mbiri idzi ndedzipi zvaungaverengeka uye vhoriyamu maAxcumulators," akadaro Jack mavhiki, muvambi wemagetsi anodzidza. "Iko kuunganidza kwekushamisika kunobata kudzvinyirira Peaks, nepo huwandu hwehuwandu hwekuunganidza kudzvinyirira system kubva pakudonha kana kudiwa kwakangoerekana kwadarika pombi."
Kuti tishande pahurongwa hwakadaro pasina kukuvara, tekinoroji yekugadzirisa anofanira kuziva kuti hurongwa hunobva mukuunganidza uye kuti ungasunungurwa sei.
Zvekuvhundutsa anobata, mafambiro ekugadzirisa anofanira kunyanya kungwarira. Nekuti bhegi remhepo rinopindirwa pakumanikidzwa kukuru pane kudzvinyirirwa system, kutadza kwevheti kunoreva kuti kunogona kuwedzera kumanikidza kuhurongwa. Mukuwedzera, ivo kazhinji havana kushongedzwa neye drain vharuvhu.
"Hapana mhinduro yakanaka yedambudziko iri, nekuti 99% yemasisitimu haapi nzira yekuona vhezheni yekuvhara," Mavhiki akadaro. Nekudaro, zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa zvinogadzirisa zvinogona kupa matanho ekudzivirira. "Unogona kuwedzera vharuvhu rinotengesa kuti ubate imwe mvura chero kupi zvingadzingirwa kugadzirwa," akadaro.
Tekinoroji yebasa anoona akaderera kuunganidza mhepo ingangoda kuwedzera mweya, asi izvi zvinorambidzwa. Dambudziko nderekuti aya airbags akashongedzerwa nemavharu yeAmerica-maitiro, ayo akafanana neaya anoshandiswa pamotokari dzemota.
"Muccumulator kazhinji ane decal yekunyevera nezvekuwedzera mweya wekuwedzera, asi mushure memakore akati wandei ekuvhiya, decal inowanzo kunyangarika kare," wick akadaro.
Imwe nyaya ndeye kushandiswa kwekupesana nevemukati memavhiri, mavhiki. Pamavhiri mazhinji, wachi wachi inowedzera inowedzera kumanikidza; pamavharu miganhu, mamiriro acho anopesana.
Pakupedzisira, zvishandiso zvemidziyo zvinoda kuva wakasvinura. Nekuda kwenzvimbo dzemanzvimbo uye zvipingamupinyi, magadziri anofanirwa kunge ari ekugadzira maitiro ekuronga hurongwa uye kupi kune zvikamu. Zvimwe zvikamu zvinogona kuvanzika kunze kwekuona uye zvisingawanikwe, izvo zvinoita kuti zvigadziriswe uye zvinogadzirisa zvakanyanya kunetsa kupfuura zvigadzirwa zvakatemwa.
Pneumatic Systems ine zvingangoita zvese zvingangoita njodzi dze hydraulic system. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti hydraulic system inogona kuburitsa leak, ichigadzira jet yemvura nekumanikidzwa kwakaringana paganda renji uye ganda. Mune nharaunda yeindasitiri, "zvipfeko" zvinosanganisira masokisi emabhutsu ebasa. Hydraulic yemafuta penetirating kukuvara kunoda kurapwa uye kazhinji zvinoda kutengeswa.
Pneumatic Systems zvakare ine ngozi. Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga, "Zvakanaka, inongova mhepo" uye ita nayo zvisina hanya.
"Vanhu vanonzwa mapapu ehurongwa hwenneumatic kumhanya, asi ivo havakurikane nesimba rese repomba rinopinda muhurongwa," Mavhiki akadaro. "Simba rose rinofanira kuyerera kumwe, uye hurongwa hwemvura simba isimba. Pa50 Psi, cylinder ine nzvimbo yemasendimita gumi yemasendimita inokwanisa kugadzira masimba akakwana kuti afambe mazana mashanu emapaunzi. Mutoro. " Sezvo isu tese tinoziva, vashandi vanoshandisa izvi iyi system inovhuvhuta kubva mumarara kubva pamhete.
"Mumakambani mazhinji, ichi chikonzero chekutangiswa," vhiki dzakataura. Akataura kuti jet yemhepo inodzingwa kubva kune pneumatic system inogona kutarisa ganda uye mamwe matishu kumapfupa.
"Kana paine kubhururuka mune pneumatic system, ingave iri yakabatanidzwa kana kuburikidza neini mune hoshole, hapana anowanzoona," akadaro. "Muchina wakanyanya, ivo vashandi vane dziviriro yekunzwa, uye hapana anonzwa kusvetuka." Kungotora hose ine njodzi. Pasinei nekuti iyo system iri kumhanya kana kwete, magurovhosi eganda anodikanwa kubata pneumatic hosumatic hosumatic hosumatic hos.
Rimwe dambudziko nderekuti nekuti mhepo inoenderana zvakanyanya, kana iwe ukavhura vheji pane system yehupenyu, iyo yakavharwa pneumatic system inogona kuchengeta simba rakakwana kumhanya kwenguva yakareba uye kutanga chishandiso chakadzokororwa.
Kunyangwe magetsi emagetsi, kufamba kweaine maelekitori pavanotama mumota-zvinoita kunge kwakasiyana nyika kubva ku fizikisi, hazvisizvo. Mutemo wekutanga waNewton unoshanda:
Nechokutanga, dunhu rimwe nerimwe, zvisinei kuti rakareruka sei, richaramba kuyerera kwazvino. Kudzivisa kunovhiringidza kuyerera kweazvino, saka kana dunhu rakavharwa (Static), kupikisa kunoita kuti ridhe itic state. Kana dunhu ratendeukira, razvino haruyeuye kuburikidza nedunhu panguva iyoyo; Zvinotora kanenge nguva pfupi yeiyo voltage kukurira kuramba uye ikozvino kuyerera.
Nechikonzero ichochi, dunhu rega rega rine chiyero chekuyera, chakafanana neyekufamba kwechinhu chinofamba. Kuvhara switch hakurumare nekukurumidza zvazvino; Izvo zvazvino zvinoramba zvichifamba, zvishoma zvishoma.
Mamwe matunhu anoshandisa capacitors kuti vazungirire magetsi; Iri basa rakafanana neiyo yeiyo hydraulic kuwirirana. Zvinoenderana nekukoshwa kukosha kweiyo capacitor, inogona kuchengeta simba remagetsi kwenguva yakareba emagetsi ane njodzi. Kwematunhu anoshandiswa mumakwikwi eindasitiri, nguva yekubvisa yemaminitsi makumi maviri haigoneke, uye vamwe vangangoda nguva yakawanda.
Kune iyo pombi bender, robinson inofungidzira kuti nguva yemaminitsi gumi nemashanu inogona kunge yakwana simba rakachengetwa muhurongwa hwekusafuratira. Wobva waita chirevo chakareruka chine volmeter.
"Pane zvinhu zviviri zvekubatanidza volmeter," Robinson akadaro. "Chekutanga, chinoregedza nyanzvi kuziva kana iyo system ine simba rasara. Chechipiri, inogadzira nzira yekubvisa. Ruva razvino rinobva kune chikamu chimwe chedunhu kuburikidza nemamita kuenda kune imwe, vachipera chero simba richiri kuchengetwa mariri. "
Mune yakanakisa kesi, nyanzvi dzakadzidziswa zvizere, ruzivo, uye kuwana zvinyorwa zvese zvemushini. Ane kukiya, tag, uye kunyatsonzwisisa kwebasa riripo. Zvakakodzera, anoshanda nevanoona vanochengetedzeka kuti vape mamwe miviri yemaziso kuti aone njodzi uye ipa rubatsiro rwekurapa kana matambudziko achiri kuitika.
Scenario yakaipisisa ndeyekuti nyanzvi dzekudzidzira uye ruzivo, shanda mune yekugadzirisa kambani, saka isingazivikanwe nemidziyo yemisangano, uye mafambiro ehusiku, uye zvinyorwa zvemidziyo hazvisisiri kuwanikwa. Iyi ndiyo yakakwana dutu mamiriro ezvinhu, uye kambani yese nemidziyo yemaindasitiri inofanira kuita zvese zvinobvira kuti itorezve.
Makambani anokudziridza, uye anotengesa zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza anowanzove neyekuchengetedza maindasitiri-ruzivo rwekuchengetedza, saka ongororo dzekuchengetedza dzemidziyo dzinogona kubatsira kuita zvinhu zvakachengeteka kuti zvigadziriswe.
Eric Lundin yakabatana nedhipatimendi reTube & Pipe Jurnal mu2000 seMubatanidzwa wekubatana. Mabasa ake makuru anosanganisira kugadzirisa zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi pane tube kugadzirwa uye kugadzira, pamwe nekunyora nyaya uye mafungu ekambani. Inosimudzirwa mupepitor muna 2007.
Asati ajoinha magazini yacho, akashanda muUS simba remakore mashanu (1985-1990), pombi, uye duct elbow mugadziri wemakore matanhatu, kutanga mumiriri webasa revatengi uye gare gare semunyori wehunyanzvi ( 1994 -2000).
Akadzidza kuNorth illinois University muDekilb, Illinois, uye akagamuchira degree reBachelor muEconomics muna 1994.
TUBE & PIPE Journal yakava magazini yekutanga yakazvitsaurira kushandira mashandiro esimbi mu1990
Iye zvino unogona kuwana zvizere kuwana iyo dijitari vhezheni yeiyo Fabricator uye nyore kuwana yakakosha indasitiri zvigadzirwa.
Zvigadzirwa zvinokosha zvinokosha zvinowanikwe nyore nyore kuburikidza nekuzere kuwana kune iyo dijitari vhezheni yeTube & PIPE JEPE.
Nakidzwa nekukara kweDhijititia ediition yejira rekudzikisira, rinopa kufambira mberi kwazvino, maitiro uye nhau dzeindasitiri dzemusika wekutenderera nesimbi.
Kutumira Nguva: Aug-30-2021