Kuvandudzwa kutsva mukusimbisa kwemhando yekongiri pavement kunogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvemhando, kusimba, uye kutevedzera mahybrid edhizaini makodhi.
Iko kuvakwa kwekongiri pavement kunogona kuona emergency, uye kongiri inofanirwa kuona kunaka uye kusimba kweiyo cast-in-place kongiri. Zviitiko izvi zvinosanganisira kunaya kwemvura panguva yekudurura, post-application yemishonga yekurapa, shrinkage yepurasitiki uye kuparuka maawa mukati memaawa mashoma mushure mekudira, uye kongiri kutumira uye kurapa nyaya. Kunyangwe kana izvo zvinodikanwa zvesimba uye zvimwe zviyedzo zvezvinhu zvakasangana, mainjiniya angangoda kubviswa uye kutsiviwa kwenzvimbo dzepavhu nekuti vari kunetsekana nezvekuti in-situ zvinhu zvinosangana nemusanganiswa dhizaini dhizaini.
Muchiitiko ichi, petrography nedzimwe nzira dzekuyedza dzinowedzera (asi nyanzvi) dzinogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvemhando uye kusimba kwekongiri musanganiswa uye kuti inosangana nebasa rakatemwa.
Mufananidzo 1. Mienzaniso ye fluorescence microscope micrographs yekrete paste pa 0.40 w / c (kona yepamusoro kuruboshwe) uye 0.60 w / c (kona yepamusoro yekona). Iyo yezasi kuruboshwe nhamba inoratidza mudziyo wekuyera resistivity yekongiri silinda. Nhamba yezasi yekurudyi inoratidza hukama pakati pevhoriyamu resistivity uye w/c. Chunyu Qiao uye DRP, Twining Company
Mutemo waAbrama: “Simba rinotsikirira romuvhenganiswa wekongiri rinoenzana nereshiyo yayo yemvura-simende.”
Purofesa Duff Abrams akatanga kutsanangura ukama huri pakati pechiyero chemvura-samende (w/c) nesimba rinotsikirira muna 1918 [1], uye akagadzira wava kunzi mutemo waAbrama: “Kusimba kwekongiri yereshiyo yeMvura/samende.” Pamusoro pekudzora simba rekumanikidza, mvura simende ratio (w/cm) yave kufarirwa nekuti inoziva kutsiviwa kwePortland simende nezvimwe zvekuwedzera simende senge nhunzi uye slag. Iyo zvakare yakakosha parameter yekongiri kusimba. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaratidza kuti misanganiswa yekongiri ine w/cm yakaderera pane ~ 0.45 inogara yakasimba munzvimbo dzine hutsinye, senge nzvimbo dzakafumurwa nechando-inonyunguduka mitsetse ine deicing munyu kana nzvimbo dzine yakakwira sulfate muvhu.
Capillary pores chikamu chekuzvarwa chesimende slurry. Zvinosanganisira nzvimbo iri pakati pesimende hydration zvigadzirwa uye unhydrated simende particles aimbozadzwa nemvura. [2] Capillary pores yakanyanya kunaka kupfuura yakavharirwa kana yakavharirwa pores uye haifanirwe kuvhiringwa nawo. Kana iyo capillary pores yakabatana, fluid kubva kune yekunze nharaunda inogona kutama kuburikidza nenamira. Chiitiko ichi chinodaidzwa kunzi kupinza uye chinofanira kudzikiswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekusimba. Iyo microstructure yemusanganiswa wekongiri yakasimba ndeyekuti ma pores akapatsanurwa pane kubatana. Izvi zvinoitika kana w/cm iri pasi pe ~ 0.45.
Kunyangwe zvichizivikanwa zvakanyanya kuoma kuyera nemazvo w/cm yekongiri yakaomeswa, nzira yakavimbika inogona kupa yakakosha simbi yemhando yekuongorora yakaomeswa yakakandwa-mu-nzvimbo kongiri. Fluorescence microscopy inopa mhinduro. Aya ndiwo mashandiro azvinoita.
Fluorescence microscopy inyanzvi inoshandisa epoxy resin uye fluorescent dhayi kuvhenekera ruzivo rwezvinhu. Inonyanya kushandiswa mune zvekurapa sainzi, uye zvakare ine yakakosha mashandisirwo muzvinhu zvesainzi. Kushandiswa kwakarongeka kweiyi nzira mukongiri kwakatanga makore anoda kusvika makumi mana apfuura muDenmark [3]; yakamisikidzwa munyika dzeNordic muna 1991 yekufungidzira w/c yekongiri yakaoma, uye yakagadziridzwa muna 1999 [4].
Kuyera w/cm yesimende-yakavakirwa zvinhu (kureva kongiri, dhaka, uye grouting), fluorescent epoxy inoshandiswa kugadzira chikamu chitete kana bhuroko rekongiri rine ukobvu hunosvika 25 microns kana 1/1000 inch (Mufananidzo 2). Maitiro acho anosanganisira Iyo kongiri musimboti kana silinda inochekwa kuita flat kongiri zvidhinha (inonzi blanks) nenzvimbo inosvika 25 x 50 mm (1 x 2 inches). Iyo isina chinhu inonamirwa kune girazi slide, inoiswa mukamuri yekutsvaira, uye epoxy resin inounzwa pasi pevacuum. Sezvo w / cm inowedzera, kubatana uye nhamba ye pores ichawedzera, saka epoxy yakawanda inopinda mukati me paste. Isu tinoongorora maflakes pasi pemaikorosikopu, tichishandisa seti yemafirita akakosha kufadza madhayi efluorescent muepoxy resin uye kusefa masaini akawandisa. Mumifananidzo iyi, nzvimbo nhema dzinomiririra akaunganidzwa zvidimbu uye unhydrated simende particles. Iyo porosity yezviviri ndeye 0%. Denderedzwa rakasvibira rakajeka ndiro porosity (kwete porosity), uye porosity ndeye 100%. Chimwe chezvinhu izvi Chigadzirwa chegirini chine mavara chine mavara (Mufananidzo 2). Sezvo w / cm uye capillary porosity yekrete inowedzera, iyo yakasiyana-siyana yakasvibirira ruvara rwepaste inova yakajeka uye yakajeka (ona Mufananidzo 3).
Mufananidzo 2. Fluorescence micrograph yeflakes inoratidza aggregated particles, voids (v) uye paste. Iyo yakachinjika munda wakafara ~ 1.5 mm. Chunyu Qiao uye DRP, Twining Company
Mufananidzo 3. Fluorescence micrographs yeflakes inoratidza kuti sezvo w / cm inowedzera, iyo yakasvibirira paste zvishoma nezvishoma inova yakajeka. Misanganiswa iyi inofefeterwa uye ine madota enhunzi. Chunyu Qiao uye DRP, Twining Company
Kuongorora kwemifananidzo kunosanganisira kutora data yehuwandu kubva pamifananidzo. Inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzesainzi dzakasiyana, kubva kure kure inonzwa maikorosikopu. Pixel yega yega mumufananidzo wedhijitari inongove nzvimbo yedata. Iyi nzira inotitendera kuti tibatanidze nhamba kune akasiyana girinhi kupenya kwemazinga anoonekwa mumifananidzo iyi. Kwemakore makumi maviri apfuura kana zvakadaro, neshanduko yesimba rekombuta yedesktop uye kutora mifananidzo yedhijitari, kuongororwa kwemifananidzo kwave chinhu chinoshanda chinogona kushandiswa nevazhinji mamicroscopes (kusanganisira kongiri yepetrologist). Isu tinowanzo shandisa mufananidzo kuongororwa kuyera capillary porosity ye slurry. Nokufamba kwenguva, takaona kuti kune kusimba kwakasimba kwehuwandu hwehuwandu pakati pe w / cm uye capillary porosity, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo unotevera (Mufananidzo 4 uye Mufananidzo 5)).
Mufananidzo 4. Muenzaniso we data yakawanikwa kubva ku fluorescence micrographs yezvikamu zvitete. Iyi girafu inoronga nhamba yemapikisi padanho rakapihwa grey mune imwe chete photomicrograph. Iwo manhongonya matatu anoenderana neaggregates (orenji curve), paste (grey nzvimbo), uye isina (isina kuzadzwa peak kurudyi kurudyi). Iyo curve yekunamira inobvumira munhu kuverenga avhareji pore saizi uye kutsauka kwayo. Chunyu Qiao uye DRP, Twining Company Mufananidzo 5. Iyi girafu inopfupisa mutsara we w / masendimita avhareji zviyero zvecapillary uye 95% nguva dzekuvimba mumusanganiswa unoumbwa nesamende yakachena, simende inobhururuka, uye pozzolan binder. Chunyu Qiao uye DRP, Twining Company
Mukuongorora kwekupedzisira, bvunzo nhatu dzakazvimirira dzinodiwa kuratidza kuti iyo pa-saiti kongiri inoenderana nemusanganiswa dhizaini dhizaini. Nepazvinogoneka, tora masampula epakati kubva pakuiswa anosangana nemaitiro ese ekugamuchirwa, pamwe nemasampuli kubva kunzvimbo dzine hukama. Iyo yakakosha kubva kune yakagamuchirwa dhizaini inogona kushandiswa seyekudzora sampuli, uye iwe unogona kuishandisa sechiratidziro chekuongorora kutevedza kweiyo yakakodzera marongero.
Muchiitiko chedu, kana mainjiniya ane marekodhi achiona iyo data yakawanikwa kubva muyedzo iyi, vanowanzo bvuma kuiswa kana mamwe makiyi einjiniya maitiro (akadai sesimba rekumanikidza) asangana. Nekupa zviyero zvew/cm uye chimiro chekugadzira, tinogona kupfuura bvunzo dzakatarwa kumabasa mazhinji kuratidza kuti musanganiswa uri mubvunzo une zvivakwa zvinoshandura mukugarisa kwakanaka.
David Rothstein, Ph.D., PG, FACI ndiye mukuru welithographer weDRP, A Twining Company. Ane makore anopfuura makumi maviri nemashanu ehunyanzvi hwepetrologist ruzivo uye akazviongorora ega kupfuura zviuru gumi zvemasamples kubva kumapurojekiti anopfuura zviuru zviviri pasirese. Dr. Chunyu Qiao, sainzi mukuru weDRP, Twining Company, inyanzvi yezvepasi uye zvinhu zvesainzi ane makore anodarika gumi eruzivo rwekugadzira simende uye zvigadzirwa zvechisikigo uye zvakagadziriswa matombo. Unyanzvi hwake hunosanganisira kushandiswa kwekuongorora kwemifananidzo uye fluorescence microscopy kudzidza kusimba kwekongiri, nekunyanya kukoshesa kukanganisa kunokonzerwa ne deicing salts, alkali-silicon reactions, uye kurwisa kwemakemikari mumakwenzi ekuchenesa mvura.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-07-2021